All posts by : Scott Laird

This week (September 22) on Shabbat Night Live, we all know the story of the golden calf in the wilderness — but there are two more golden calves that most believers miss!

Keith Johnson shares the intriguing story of the Tribe of Dan and how you can actually go to the place where this abomination happened!

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section, and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 15:12) What were the historical events and decisions related to the term “Palestine” and its usage, particularly in the early 20th century?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 16:46) What is the significance of the three official languages (Arabic, English, and Hebrew) and the absence of religious symbols on the 1927 one-mil coin, and how does it relate to the historical use of the term “Palestinian” for individuals of different religious backgrounds before the establishment of Israel as a state?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 18:01) What is the significance of the Hebrew letters Aleph and Yud on the coins mentioned, and how do these letters relate to the terms “Eretz Yisrael” and “land of Israel” in the context of the historical use of the term “Philistine” or “Palestine”?
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 19:23) What is the historical significance of the holes in coins like the 1927 Five mils coin, and how do these coins, with their inscriptions in multiple languages including Arabic and English, reflect the complex historical and cultural dynamics surrounding the terms “Philistine,” “Palestine,” “Eretz Yisrael,” and “Israel”?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 21:32) In light of the historical events and declarations surrounding the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, how do the coins from 1927, inscribed with “Eretz Yisrael” and other terms, contribute to the discussion about the region’s history and its religious and political significance?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 22:32) Given the historical context of Harry Truman’s recognition of the State of Israel in 1948 and the debate over its name, how do you see the significance of the chosen name “State of Israel” in relation to prophecy?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 24:24) In light of the gathering and scattering of the people of Israel throughout history and the significance of the name change from Jacob to Israel, how does this biblical verse from Genesis 32:28 resonate with the events and themes discussed in the text, and what message or insight does it convey about the connection between the land and the people of Israel?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 26:09) In the context of the biblical references to the territory of Dan and its relocation, how does the historical significance of Dan’s northern location and subsequent displacement relate to the broader history and geography of ancient Israel, and what insights can be drawn from these passages in Judges, Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 28:24) In the context of visiting the ancient site of Dan and the recreation of the golden calf altar there, what connections can be drawn between the biblical account of Judges 17 and the actions of Micah and his mother in dedicating silver for the creation of a graven and molten image, and how does this relate to the broader historical and religious significance of the location?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 29:47) In light of the Sons of Dan’s actions, including the creation of graven and molten images, and their journey to the north to find land, how does this narrative in Judges 17 and 18 connect with the broader themes and teachings found in the Book of Deuteronomy, and what insights can be gained from this context about the historical and religious developments in the region of Dan?

This week (September 15) on Shabbat Night Live, you are going to get a quick preview of this year’s teachings from Jake Hilton, Steve Siefken, and Matthew Vander Els!

PLUS, an EXCELLENT teaching on Yom Teruah that Michael presented in 2011 from New Mexico called “The Day of Trumpets at the Rock of Ages!

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section, and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 17:42) What was the name of the son of Ham who was cursed by Noah and whose descendants were some of the sickest sex perverts in the world?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 18:59) What is the name of the beginning of his kingdom that Nimrod developed and enslaved people with?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 19:13) What was the name of the city that Asher built after leaving the land of Shinar?
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 24:39) What is the Greek word for private in the phrase “no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation,” and what does it mean in English?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 29:47) What is the Hebrew word for a treasure so precious that the king allows no one to touch it but himself, and what does it mean in English?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 35:09) What is the name of the memorial that the Almighty commanded the people to observe on the first day of the seventh month to remember the day when he spoke from the mountain in fire?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 36:25) What is the name of the prophet that Moses said the Almighty would send in the future and that the people must listen to?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 42:57) What is the name of the plant that Moses used to shake the blood of bulls on the people and the book?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 49:42) What is the Hebrew word that Yeshua used to describe the covenant that he paid for with his blood, and what does it mean in English?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 55:12) What is the name of the instrument that the people use to remember the day when the Almighty spoke from the mountain in fire?

This week (September 1) on Shabbat Night Live, Joshua’s Altar was used only once in history, making it a potentially important site to verify the stories in the Bible, but nothing has ever been found there — until now.

Keith Johnson shares the exciting story of how an “archaeological dump” provided one of the most important discoveries in the history of the Bible.

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section, and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 17:33) How did Dr. Gary’s father survive the Holocaust, and what did Dr. Gary bring to Sinai?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 18:15) What did Keith Johnson do when he saw two rangers carrying guns at the bottom of Mount Sinai?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 21:15) What inspired Keith Johnson to do the Bible Beyond Borders tour, and who did he collaborate with?
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 28:41) What are the three words that Yeshua said to calm the storm on the Sea of Galilee, and what was the reaction of the disciples?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 42:07) What does the building that was built by Herod the Great in Hebron contain inside?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 46:48) What was the command that God gave Moses and Moses gave Joshua regarding the altar, and where did they build it?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 47:28) What was the ancient tablet that they found at Joshua’s altar in 2019, and what did it contain?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 49:30) What are the names of the two mountains where the Israelites were to proclaim the blessings and curses according to Deuteronomy 11?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 50:40) What is the name of the archaeologist from Houston who collaborated with Aaron Lipkin to reanalyze the materials from Joshua’s altar, and what did they find?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 51:36) What is the significance of the lead tablet that was found at Joshua’s altar?

This week (August 18) on Shabbat Night Live, who or what is the skull crusher? This theme repeats itself throughout the Bible, but are we clear about the spirit behind it?

Pastor Matthew Vander Els reveals the surprising gravity of this concept and what it represents for believers as we head into the end times!

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 17:07) What is the Hebrew word for crafty that is used to describe the serpent in Genesis 3:1?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 22:34) What is the name of the woman who crushed the skull of Sisera, the enemy general, with a tent stake in Judges 4?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 26:24) What is the name of the Philistine hero who was covered in bronze scales and had a name that meant skull in Hebrew?
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 28:34) What is the name of the king of Israel who became jealous of David after he crushed the skull of Goliath?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 41:33) What is the term that means the first gospel and refers to the promise that God made to Eve and is the name of the prophecy in Genesis 3:15 that foretells the conflict between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 44:08) What is the name of the book of the Bible that begins with the phrase “in the beginning” and presents Yeshua as the agent of the new creation?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 47:06) How does John connect Mary to Eve in his gospel account?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 49:52) How does Paul connect the prophecy of Genesis 3:15 to the believers in Rome?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 52:49) What is the name of the criminal who was released instead of Yeshua by the crowd?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 53:05) What is the term that Paul uses to describe the gospel in 1 Corinthians 1:18?

This week (August 11) on Shabbat Night Live, if YeHoVaH is all-powerful, why did he need to rest? What do we do with this concept of Shabbat, and how does it permeate through the Scriptures?

Pastor Matthew Vander Els takes us on a journey to explain the pattern of freedom and liberty in the Shabbat and why it is so important to the Almighty. 

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section, and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 17:59) Why is the Shabbat not capped with evening and morning like the other days of creation?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 21:28) What is the meaning of the words Shabbat and nuach in Hebrew?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 25:04) What is the meaning of Noah’s name, and how does it connect to the Sabbath and the flood story?
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 27:04) How does the Year of Jubilee reflect God’s intention to restore the garden-like state of creation?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 29:42) How does the Sabbath in Deuteronomy differ from the Sabbath in Exodus in terms of the reason and the scope?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 39:32) What is the significance of Yeshua’s prayer in John 10 for the unity of his followers with God?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 40:20) How does Psalm 95 connect the idea of God’s rest with the land and the garden?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 43:14) How does Leviticus 26 describe the consequences of breaking the Sabbath and rejecting God’s rest?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 46:51) How does Isaiah 56 contrast the hypocrisy of the Judeans with the true delight of the Sabbath?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 53:05) How does Isaiah 61 describe the role and mission of the Messiah in relation to the Sabbath and the Jubilee?

This week (August 4) on Shabbat Night Live, we’ve all heard sermons that focus on one verse — but it’s completely unnecessary. The Bible is a story in itself that doesn’t need conjecture and rationale!

Pastor Matthew Vander Els invites us to take another look at the Bible as a single story with repeating themes built on a promise that never fails.

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 16:12) How can I cultivate wisdom from reading the Bible?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 18:22) What is the context of Jeremiah 29:11 and how does it relate to the character of Yehovah and the story of the exiles of Israel?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 20:54) What is the grand narrative that the whole Bible is collectively leading us to?
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 21:30) What are some of the risks of looking at the Bible microscopically as a collection of verses or chapters instead of macroscopically as a story?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 22:13) How does the context of Ezekiel’s bread affect our understanding of its meaning and significance?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 26:42) What term does Matthew bring up and Michael uses that defines the biblical authors’ use to connect their stories and experiences of Yehovah?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 29:14) How does the biblical theme of eastward movement relate to the
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 30:15) How does the book of Judges show the downward spiral of Israel as they lose touch with Yehovah?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 31:53) How does the story of Noah and the flood represent a new creation and a fresh start for humanity?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE – 39:10) What are some of the implications of God’s decision to not flood the earth anymore and to leave it as it is?

This week (July 28) on Shabbat Night Live, were sacrifices allowed in places outside of the Temple in Jerusalem?

Steve Siefken offers thought-provoking proof from the Torah that animal sacrifices were indeed sanctioned throughout the tribes of Israel — with one very important condition.

This episode will open your eyes to the truth you’ve likely never considered! 

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. Post your answers in the comments section and let’s get some discussion going!

1. What is the term that Steve Siefken uses to refer to a priesthood that is not Levitical or Aaronic?
2. What is the term that Steve Siefken uses to refer to understanding God’s intent behind what he said?
3. What was the name of the innermost chamber of the tabernacle where only the High Priest could enter?
4. What are the two types of killing that God prohibited in Leviticus 17:3-4 unless they were brought to the door of the tabernacle?
5. What are the three main routes to Jerusalem that Steve Siefken shows on a map?
6. What is the purpose of studying God’s law according to Steve Siefken?
7. What are the three times a year that God expected the Israelites to travel to Jerusalem for the feasts?
8. What is the phrase that Steve Siefken says is only used for the tithing system and indicates what one can spend their tithe on?
9. What is the name of the system that God built for the whole world and that every nation will go to in the millennium?
10. What are the two groups that make up the dual judicial system of Israel, according to Steve Siefken?

This week (July 14) on Shabbat Night Live, God knows how to party — in fact, He gave instructions on how to do it! He also gave us instructions on how to butcher meat, how to serve it, how to cook it, and even when to throw out the leftovers.

Steve Siefken explains the deliciously practical instructions in the Torah about food regulations, overseen by authorities in the Temple system. 

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 16:00) How does the recognition of the Temple and tabernacle as centers of divinely-mandated food and dietary standards serve to dramatize the controversy over secular influence in these matters that exists today? How does the increasingly aggressive and pre-emptive corporate advocacy about sustainability in health matters contradict the example of the ancient Hebrews?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 20:00) Similarly, how do the passages referenced here from Leviticus underscore both the presence of meat as a permitted food for consumption and the ritual importance of its preparation according to YeHoVaH? How does our present civilization contravene this principle by the animal cruelty of factory farming and the heavy pressure toward veganism and insect consumption?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 24:00) Aside from the latter-day politicization of diet and sustainable health, how do the regulations discussed here indirectly reveal our abandonment of the sacrificial nature of food preparation and consumption in today’s age of abundance? What are some examples from scripture of decadent living by arrogant figures who then receive chastisement over their exploitation of the nourishments that sustain life? 
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 28:00) Similarly, how can the commonplace practice of prayer or “saying grace” before meals be said to reveal a remnant of the ancient Hebraic value of a binding agreement or contract within an important transaction? How do the various wordings of this prayer – even those that are parodic – suggest our obligation to acknowledge our privilege of receiving sustenance and our responsibility to utilize it wisely and devoutly?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 32:00) How does today’s corporatization of food – from industrial livestock production and pervasive additives and preservatives to the nutraceutical and pharmacological establishments – provide an arguable example of the ethos behind the dietary laws of the ancient Hebrews? What are some staples of our Western diet that are in effect “polluted in sacrifice”?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 38:00) Similarly, how do current controversies over agribusiness products like genetically modified wheat or high fructose corn syrup reflect an ignorance over the practice of grain inspection that was part of the tabernacle offering? Are believers unwittingly reaping the whirlwind of chronic obesity and drug dependence thanks to our acceptance of Big Food and Big Pharma?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 42:00) How do the Hebrew dietary laws enumerated in Leviticus, particularly those involving the inspection and procedures for utilizing grain, indirectly reveal the scale of commercialization of bread products, all for the apparent purpose of greater health?  How does our plethora of organic, keto, and gluten-free varieties appear almost comic against the sudden popularity of such products as biblically-derived sprouted-grain breads?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 46:00) Similarly, how has the ancient Hebrew institution of the storehouse been overlooked in our secular, consumerist environment that is centered around the franchised supermarket or the generic warehouse? How does the original location as an ancillary to the tabernacle or Temple represent an awareness of our dependence upon the bounty of YeHoVaH through tithing in contrast to today’s indifference to perishability in our throw-away culture?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 50:00) How does the role of the Temple as a depository for the community help to define the temple system as an example of the inextricable relationship between the worship of YeHoVaH and virtually every facet of ancient Jewish life? How has our common post-Enlightenment distinction between the sacred and the secular served to obstruct our recognition of this context for the study of scripture?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 53:00) How is this interpretation further enhanced by the demarcation of the temple as an environment for a range of financial and business transactions involving loaning and repayment? How does the practice of contract ratification through burnt offerings dramatize the inherent seriousness of honesty and integrity in capital management with YeHoVaH as witness and final arbiter?

This week (July 7) on Shabbat Night Live When you think of the Temple in ancient Jerusalem, do you envision a hospital? There was more healing going on in the Temple than we realize, and there’s plenty of evidence of it in the Bible.

Steve Siefken leads us through scriptural references that show us how the Almighty intended us to heal each other.  

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 16:00) How does Israel, in either its ancient or modern demarcation, transcend our current definitions of “nation,” “ethnicity,” or “theocracy”? Has this venerable civilization of people, through its longevity over several millennia, effectually outlived these conventional categories and exceeded the capabilities of the English language to characterize the scope of its identity?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 20:00) Similarly, how do the Tabernacle Offerings demonstrate a comprehensive range of service to YeHoVaH, whether voluntary or compulsory? How does this dynamic between material giving and spiritual appeal serve to acknowledge both the civilizational capacity of the Hebrews and its delimitation?  How has this ritual significance become almost trivialized throughout the growth of denominational religion?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 24:00) How has the Tabernacle’s function as a place for healing of the sick become another casualty of the minimalism and oversimplification of much evangelical Christianity throughout the centuries? How has this important facet of charity been further obscured by the politicization and controversy generated over historical movements like the Crusades or various fraternal organizations that were founded to help the poor? 
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 28:00) How does the contemporary distrust of the pharmaceutical industry serve to dramatize the spiritual ethos behind medicinal remedies drawn from nature, in the prescribed manner of the ancient Hebrews? How likely is today’s reflex toward holistic health to encourage a reappraisal and interpretation of the “tree of life” whose leaves are “for the healing of the nations” (Revelation 22:2)?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 32:00) Similarly, how does the breadth of the Hebrew term “leprosy” and the cultural practice of quarantining the sick underscore the general public’s confusion and even hysteria over the official mandates of prevention during the pandemic? How do the references to treatment in Leviticus indirectly reveal the ignorance and lack of personal resourcefulness behind the mantra of “follow the science”?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 37:00) How might our contemporary culture of holistic health also revitalize and redefine the concept of the apothecary as a figure of medical expertise? How does the range of meaning in this term, long relegated to the status of an archaism, demonstrate the importance of anointing as a venerable practice for healing with materials whose efficacy is becoming increasingly corroborated?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 40:00) Similarly, how could scriptural references to the interconnectedness of the human body’s various systems serve to bolster the reputation of such practices as chiropractic or complementary and integrative medicine? Has the skepticism toward conventional medicine that resulted from the pandemic ironically reversed our definitions of “pseudoscience”?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 44:00) How has the ritual burning of incense been poorly understood or trivialized in our postmodern culture? In light of the recognition of its health properties by the ancient Hebrews, what is the ironic common ground of both its utilization in Christian rites of worship and its questionable, short-lived appropriation by the secular pop culture of the 1960’s?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 48:00) How does the ambivalent meaning of epitithemi serve to enlighten today’s believers regarding the inherent aggressiveness of Yeshua’s benevolent gestures of healing during his ministry? How does the absence of this connotation in the phrase “laying on of hands” often fail to remind us about both the constant need for our own chastisement as sinful creatures and the power of YeHoVaH’s love for his creation in the restoration of health?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 52:00) Similarly, how do the various terms used to describe Yeshua’s methods of healing offer distinctions that are lost in tedious and enduring arguments about whether or not these actions constitute miracles that prove his identity as the Messiah? What is the essential difference between therapeuo and iaomai with regard to Yeshua’s ministry as part of the divine plan for our salvation?

This week (June 30) on Shabbat Night Live, the Torah gives detailed descriptions of everything in the Temple. Every piece had a specific purpose for Israel’s religious ceremonies. But each piece had everyday uses as well.

Steve Siefken brings an enlightening perspective on the ordinary practicality of the Temple, many aspects of which we still use today. 

Watch the episode — included on this blog post.

While you watch, consider the questions below. The timeline for each discussion topic in the video is noted on each question. Post your answers in the comments section and let’s get some discussion going!

1. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 16:00) Why have such vital elements of our Judeo-Christian culture as the tabernacle of Moses and the history of the first and second Temples received so little attention and exploration in postwar religious education environments, whether denominational or home-based? How does this gap in information serve to weaken much evangelical pursuit of learning and personal witness?
2. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 20:00) Similarly, how have many believers over time lost their perception of the dynamic between the letter and spirit of the law, whether in reference to the Torah or more generally in their approach to scripture? How can this be viewed as a factor in much of the oversimplification that occurs in the private evangelism that emphasizes selective principles drawn from scripture instead of established and historically verified doctrine?
3. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 24:00) How have latter-day controversies over the public posting of the Ten Commandments served to dramatize the distinction between earthly, manmade regulations and spiritual priorities? How do the first four commandments admonish the faithful to distinguish between these loyalties in the pursuit of salvation?  How can this be said to have motivated the often savage backlash against spirituality in contemporary public policy and advocacy? 
4. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 28:00) How does our longstanding distinction between church and state serve to undermine our awareness of their inseparable ethos in the history and culture of the ancient Hebrews? How can Yeshua’s seeming endorsement of this separateness in his admonishment to “render unto Caesar” actually be interpreted as an indirect reference to the kingdom of YeHoVaH that we are obligated to maintain as professed believers?
5. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 32:00) How does the current reflex toward a one-world government indirectly underscore the Bible’s many references to “nations,” irrespective of size or scale of communities or civilizations? Do apprehensions over the possible loss of this phenomenon in today’s free world suggest an eventual revival of the nation-state as an alternative model, or is our cynicism over “limited” government such that this is no longer viable?
6. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 36:00) How likely are various grassroots evangelical efforts throughout the Christian world to effect a more enlightened public perception of the inherent spirituality of our nation’s founding? What are some examples of contemporary policy and activism that recall the fundamental weakness of collectivist and atheist governments whose orientation toward materialism served to ensure their eventual downfall?
7. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 40:00) How do many contemporary believers reveal a pervasive ignorance of both the literal definition of “tabernacle” as exemplified by the ancient Hebrew culture and its range of significance as a locus of received wisdom, sacrifice, and worship? How has this grounding in devotion and ritual been corrupted in the postwar period by attempts to reconcile church design with secular or commercial elements in an effort to be progressive or relevant?
8. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 44:00) How has the significance of the brazen laver virtually disappeared from our Western approach to worship? How has the streamlining of ritual in much evangelical and denominational Christianity deprived our culture of the significance of purification while in the presence of YeHoVaH, to say nothing of its importance to germ prevention, which has helped to sustain our divinely-given lives?
9. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 48:00) Similarly, how have the inner reaches of the tabernacle as a place for a ritual meal for the priesthood been virtually forgotten by many worshipers owing to a compulsion to innovate with such liturgical practices as communion? Moreover, how has the reverence illustrated by the reflected light of the golden menorah been undermined by utilitarian church design that often proves to be embarrassingly short-lived?
10. (VIDEO TIMELINE: 52:00) Finally, how has the Mercy Seat within the Holy of Holies suffered the questionable treatment of historical revisionists who have sought to challenge its significance for the presence of YeHoVaH? What is the essential futility of linguistic efforts to reduce it to a symbol-laden cover for the Ark of the Covenant, or facile scientific attempts to portray it as a prototypical device such as a storage battery?